The morphomolecular features of cholangiocarcinoma in the personalised era

Cholangiocarcinoma is a group of diverse invasive malignancies arising along the biliary tract. The outcomes for patients with cholangiocarcinoma remain poor but an understanding of molecular aberrations and subsequent targeted therapies to these have opened up new treatment prospects. This review describes the clinical and morphological features and classifications of intrahepatic and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in addition to laying out the related landscape of the molecular pathology within cholangiocarcinoma. The importance of both a high index of suspicion of cholangiocarcinoma and preserving tissue whilst reporting to access molecular testing and personalised treatment pathways is emphasised.