Abstract
In 2014, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) emerged causing outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in children worldwide. In a subset of patients, EV-D68 infection was associated with the development of central nervous system (CNS) complications, including acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Since then, the number of reported outbreaks has risen biennially, which emphasizes the need to unravel the systemic pathogenesis in humans. We present here a comprehensive review on the different stages of the pathogenesis of EV-D68 infection–infection in the respiratory tract, systemic dissemination and infection of the CNS–based on observations in humans as well as experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. This review highlights the knowledge gaps on the mechanisms of systemic dissemination, routes of entry into the CNS and mechanisms to induce AFM or other CNS complications, as well as the role of virus and host factors in the pathogenesis of EV-D68.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2060-2072 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Virulence |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 19 Aug 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was funded by a fellowship to DvR from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VIDI contract 91718308) and a EUR fellowship. SSNA received the Royal Thai Government Scholarship supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand to perform her doctoral study. The funders play no role in the preparation and the completion of this review. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Erasmus MC Vriendenfonds; Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand (TH); Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek [91718308]. This work was funded by a fellowship to DvR from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VIDI contract 91718308) and a EUR fellowship. SSNA received the Royal Thai Government Scholarship supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand to perform her doctoral study. The funders play no role in the preparation and the completion of this review. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
