The value of treadmill exercise test parameters together in patients with known or suspected peripheral arterial disease

Background: Exercise test parameters (exercise ankle brachial index (ABI), walking distance and blood pressure response) separately are associated with long-term outcome in patients with known or suspected peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the clinical value of the combination of these parameters together is unknown. Methods: 2165 patients performed a treadmill exercise test to diagnose or to evaluate their PAD. Resting ABI, exercise ABI, abnormal blood pressure response (hypotensive and hypertensive) and walking distance (impairment <150 m) were measured. The study population was divided into patients with a resting ABI >= 0.90 and patients with PAD (resting ABI < 0.90). Results: The mean follow-up period was 5 years (0.5-14 years). Long-term mortality rate and risks increases when more exercise parameters became abnormal (p-value = 0.001). Patients with a normal resting ABI but with an abnormal exercise test had a higher mortality risk - HR 1.90 (1.32-2.73) - than patients with a normal exercise test. The highest mortality risk and cardiac death was observed in PAD patients with a walking impairment together with an abnormal blood pressure response - HR 3.48 (2 Conclusion: Exercise tests give multiple parameters, which together provide important prognostic information on long-term outcome in both patients with normal resting ABI and PAD.