The WMD Non-proliferation Clause in EU Trade Agreements

Ilja Donkervoort, Michal Onderco

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Abstract

The EU has been using its trade power to exert influence in other areas by including non-trade issues (NTIs) in its trade agreements with third countries. One such NTI is the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) non-proliferation clause. We study how the WMD non-proliferation clause affected countries’ WMD non-proliferation behaviour. Our results demonstrate that the nonproliferation clause is effective in case of bilateral trade agreements, but not in case of regional trade agreements. The results demonstrate that the EU can use its trade power to exert influence in other areas, but that the extent of such power is limited.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)223-240
Number of pages18
JournalEuropean Foreign Affairs Review
Volume27
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.

Research programs

  • ESSB PA

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