Tissue Preservation and Factors Affecting Tissue Quality

Acquisition of reliable and reproducible results from tissue samples can be complicated due to the introduced variations in the signals to be measured during the sample pre-analytical phase. Such variations are introduced during tissue processing because the cells in the tissue are still alive and respond to their surroundings until they are conserved for future use. In addition, tissue fixation methods can even alter the chemical structure of the signals. Standardization of the pre-analytical or pre-examination processes according to ISO Technical Standards that describe the specifications for pre-examination processes can largely avoid the introduction of different incomparable variations. Since, not all steps can be standardized, the technical standards ask for documentation of these steps. This documentation can be used as sample metadata to determine if samples are fit for purpose and comparable. Highlights on how to approach and implement such standards in a biobank is discussed in more detail in this chapter.