Turning myopia inside out: A thorough examination of eye growth, behaviour, and risk

Myopia is increasing rapidly worldwide and has become a major public health concern due to its association with sight‑threatening complications. This thesis examines myopia development by integrating long‑term epidemiological trends, ocular growth patterns, eye shape, and behavioural risk factors. Using population‑based cohorts and international consortia, it demonstrates a marked rise in myopia prevalence in Europe, identifies axial eye growth as the key structural driver, and shows how education, reduced outdoor time, and increased screen use contribute to risk. Novel axial length reference charts and imaging approaches are presented to support early identification and prevention. Together, these findings highlight the urgent need for population‑based strategies to curb the growing burden of myopia.