TY - JOUR
T1 - Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity
T2 - A systematic comparison of their impact on cognition
AU - van den Berg, Esther
AU - Kloppenborg, Raoul P.
AU - Kessels, Roy P. C.
AU - Kappelle, L. Jaap
AU - Biessels, Geert Jan
PY - 2009/5
Y1 - 2009/5
N2 - Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity, have been associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, particularly in the elderly. The aim of this systematic review was to compare these risk factors with regard to the nature and magnitude of the associated cognitive decrements. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that assessed cognitive functioning in non-demented persons in relation to diabetes/impaired glucose metabolism (k=36), hypertension (k=24), dyslipidemia (k=7) and obesity (k=6) and that adjusted or matched for age, gender and education were included. When possible, effect sizes (Cohen's d) were computed per cognitive domain. Diabetes and hypertension were clearly associated with cognitive decrements; the results for obesity and dyslipidemia were less consistent. Effect sizes were moderate (median similar to -0.3) for all risk factors. Decline was found in all cognitive domains, although the effects on cognitive speed, mental flexibility and memory were most consistent. Methodological aspects of included studies and implications of these findings are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AB - Vascular risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity, have been associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction, particularly in the elderly. The aim of this systematic review was to compare these risk factors with regard to the nature and magnitude of the associated cognitive decrements. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that assessed cognitive functioning in non-demented persons in relation to diabetes/impaired glucose metabolism (k=36), hypertension (k=24), dyslipidemia (k=7) and obesity (k=6) and that adjusted or matched for age, gender and education were included. When possible, effect sizes (Cohen's d) were computed per cognitive domain. Diabetes and hypertension were clearly associated with cognitive decrements; the results for obesity and dyslipidemia were less consistent. Effect sizes were moderate (median similar to -0.3) for all risk factors. Decline was found in all cognitive domains, although the effects on cognitive speed, mental flexibility and memory were most consistent. Methodological aspects of included studies and implications of these findings are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
U2 - 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.09.004
DO - 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.09.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18848880
SN - 0925-4439
VL - 1792
SP - 470
EP - 481
JO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease
JF - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Basis of Disease
IS - 5
ER -
