Using medical history to study disease concepts in the present: Lessons from georges canguilhem

Even though medics in the present day may think that clinical pathology is derived from normal physiology, I argue here that this is not necessarily the case. Historically, physiology may have been derived from clinical pathology. After deriving physiological knowledge like this, medics can reverse the conceptual priority, to make believe that physiological knowledge is at the foundation of medical practice. This implies that supposedly ob-jective physiological knowledge can be influenced by the evaluative judgements made to define practical concepts of clinical pathology. I argue for this view using the history of the disease heart failure, drawing on an argument made by Georges Canguilhem.