TY - JOUR
T1 - Validation of the abbreviated version of the Token Test in Latin American Spanish stroke patients
AU - Julio-Ramos, Teresa
AU - Mora-Castelletto, Valentina
AU - Conejeros-Pavez, José
AU - Saez-Martínez, Josette
AU - Solinas-Ivys, Pía
AU - Donoso, Pamela
AU - Soler-León, Bernardita
AU - Martínez-Ferreiro, Silvia
AU - Quezada, Camilo
AU - Méndez-Orellana, Carolina
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.
PY - 2024/11
Y1 - 2024/11
N2 - Background: The abbreviated version of the Token Test (aTT) is widely used to assess language comprehension deficits in stroke patients (SPs). However, aTT has not been validated for Latin American Spanish speakers, so clinicians tend to use cut-off scores for aTT validated in developed countries. Aims: To provide normative data for the Spanish aTT (Sp-aTT) in healthy Chilean Spanish-speaking and SP, determining the influence of sociodemographic variables such as gender, age and education on Sp-aTT performance. Methods & Procedures: A total of 210 healthy volunteers (age range = 18–88 years) and 197 SPs (age range = 23–94 years), all native speakers of Chilean Spanish, were recruited. The association of age, gender and years of education on the Sp-aTT performance was analysed. Specificity and sensibility analyses of the Sp-aTT to diagnose language comprehension deficits were completed. Outcomes & Results: Only age (p < 0.001) and years of education (p < 0.001) impacted the total score of Sp-aTT. Gender did not show an association with Sp-aTT performance (p = 0.181). For SPs, the Sp-aTT score showed a significant positive correlation (rho = 0.4, p < 0.001) with the aphasia severity rating scale (ASRS) score. For Sp-aTT, the area under the curve was 0.97, and the optimal cut-off score for the Sp-aTT was 30 (0.73 of sensitivity, 0.92 of specificity and a Youden index of 0.644). Conclusions & Implications: Age and years of education are two key factors to be controlled for when determining the optimal cut-off points for the Sp-aTT. Our results also highlight the need for language-specific norms in stroke and aphasia research.
AB - Background: The abbreviated version of the Token Test (aTT) is widely used to assess language comprehension deficits in stroke patients (SPs). However, aTT has not been validated for Latin American Spanish speakers, so clinicians tend to use cut-off scores for aTT validated in developed countries. Aims: To provide normative data for the Spanish aTT (Sp-aTT) in healthy Chilean Spanish-speaking and SP, determining the influence of sociodemographic variables such as gender, age and education on Sp-aTT performance. Methods & Procedures: A total of 210 healthy volunteers (age range = 18–88 years) and 197 SPs (age range = 23–94 years), all native speakers of Chilean Spanish, were recruited. The association of age, gender and years of education on the Sp-aTT performance was analysed. Specificity and sensibility analyses of the Sp-aTT to diagnose language comprehension deficits were completed. Outcomes & Results: Only age (p < 0.001) and years of education (p < 0.001) impacted the total score of Sp-aTT. Gender did not show an association with Sp-aTT performance (p = 0.181). For SPs, the Sp-aTT score showed a significant positive correlation (rho = 0.4, p < 0.001) with the aphasia severity rating scale (ASRS) score. For Sp-aTT, the area under the curve was 0.97, and the optimal cut-off score for the Sp-aTT was 30 (0.73 of sensitivity, 0.92 of specificity and a Youden index of 0.644). Conclusions & Implications: Age and years of education are two key factors to be controlled for when determining the optimal cut-off points for the Sp-aTT. Our results also highlight the need for language-specific norms in stroke and aphasia research.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85204743023
U2 - 10.1111/1460-6984.13117
DO - 10.1111/1460-6984.13117
M3 - Article
C2 - 39316374
AN - SCOPUS:85204743023
SN - 1368-2822
VL - 59
SP - 2815
EP - 2827
JO - International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders
JF - International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders
IS - 6
ER -