What Do We Know about Social and Non-Social Factors Influencing the Pathway from Cognitive Health to Dementia? A Systematic Review of Reviews

Marta Lenart-Bugla; Mateusz Luc; Marcin Pawlowski; Dorota Szczesniak; Imke Seifert; Henrik Wiegelmann; Ansgar Gerhardus; Karin Wolf-Ostermann; Etienne A. J. A. Rouwette; M. Arfan Ikram; Henry Brodaty; Yun-Hee Jeon; Jane Maddock; Anna Marseglia; Rene J. F. Melis; Suraj Samtani; Hui-Xin Wang; Anna-Karin Welmer; Myrra Vernooij-Dassen; Joanna Rymaszewska

doi:10.3390/brainsci12091214

What Do We Know about Social and Non-Social Factors Influencing the Pathway from Cognitive Health to Dementia? A Systematic Review of Reviews

Marta Lenart-Bugla, Mateusz Luc, Marcin Pawlowski, Dorota Szczesniak^*, Imke Seifert, Henrik Wiegelmann, Ansgar Gerhardus, Karin Wolf-Ostermann, Etienne A. J. A. Rouwette, M. Arfan Ikram, Henry Brodaty, Yun-Hee Jeon, Jane Maddock, Anna Marseglia, Rene J. F. Melis, Suraj Samtani, Hui-Xin Wang, Anna-Karin Welmer, Myrra Vernooij-Dassen, Joanna Rymaszewska

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › Academic › peer-review

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Abstract

The heterogeneous and multi-factorial nature of dementia requires the consideration of all health aspects when predicting the risk of its development and planning strategies for its prevention. This systematic review of reviews provides a comprehensive synthesis of those factors associated with cognition in the context of dementia, identifying the role of social aspects and evidencing knowledge gaps in this area of research. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2009-2021 were searched for within Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos. Reviewers independently screened, reviewed, and assessed the records, following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. From 314 included studies, 624 cognitive-related factors were identified, most of them risk factors (61.2%), mainly belonging to the group of 'somatic comorbidities' (cardiovascular disease and diabetes) and 'genetic predispositions'. The protective factors (20%) were mainly related to lifestyle, pointing to the Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, and cognitively stimulating activities. Social factors constituted 9.6% of all identified factors. Research on biological and medical factors dominates the reviewed literature. Greater social support and frequent contact may confer some protection against cognitive decline and dementia by delaying its onset or reducing the overall risk; however, overall, our findings are inconsistent. Further research is needed in the fields of lifestyle, psychology, social health, and the protective factors against cognitive decline and dementia.

Original language	English
Article number	1214
Number of pages	20
Journal	Brain Sciences
Volume	12
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091214
Publication status	Published - Sep 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the JPND project, social health and reserve in the dementia patient journey (SHARED). The project is supported through funding organizations under the aegis of JPND: the Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw/JPND, grant no.: 733051082); Sweden, The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (FORTE grant no.: 2018-01888 to AK Welmer); Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, grant no.: APP1169489); the United Kingdom, Alzheimer’s Society UK (grant no.: Ref:469); Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant no.: 01ED1905); Poland, National Center for Research and Development in Poland (NCBiR, project number JPND/06/2020).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

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Lenart-Bugla, M., Luc, M., Pawlowski, M., Szczesniak, D., Seifert, I., Wiegelmann, H., Gerhardus, A., Wolf-Ostermann, K., Rouwette, E. A. J. A., Ikram, M. A., Brodaty, H., Jeon, Y-H., Maddock, J., Marseglia, A., Melis, R. J. F., Samtani, S., Wang, H-X., Welmer, A-K., Vernooij-Dassen, M., & Rymaszewska, J. (2022). What Do We Know about Social and Non-Social Factors Influencing the Pathway from Cognitive Health to Dementia? A Systematic Review of Reviews. Brain Sciences, 12(9), [1214]. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091214

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title = "What Do We Know about Social and Non-Social Factors Influencing the Pathway from Cognitive Health to Dementia? A Systematic Review of Reviews",

abstract = "The heterogeneous and multi-factorial nature of dementia requires the consideration of all health aspects when predicting the risk of its development and planning strategies for its prevention. This systematic review of reviews provides a comprehensive synthesis of those factors associated with cognition in the context of dementia, identifying the role of social aspects and evidencing knowledge gaps in this area of research. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2009-2021 were searched for within Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos. Reviewers independently screened, reviewed, and assessed the records, following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. From 314 included studies, 624 cognitive-related factors were identified, most of them risk factors (61.2%), mainly belonging to the group of 'somatic comorbidities' (cardiovascular disease and diabetes) and 'genetic predispositions'. The protective factors (20%) were mainly related to lifestyle, pointing to the Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, and cognitively stimulating activities. Social factors constituted 9.6% of all identified factors. Research on biological and medical factors dominates the reviewed literature. Greater social support and frequent contact may confer some protection against cognitive decline and dementia by delaying its onset or reducing the overall risk; however, overall, our findings are inconsistent. Further research is needed in the fields of lifestyle, psychology, social health, and the protective factors against cognitive decline and dementia.",

author = "Marta Lenart-Bugla and Mateusz Luc and Marcin Pawlowski and Dorota Szczesniak and Imke Seifert and Henrik Wiegelmann and Ansgar Gerhardus and Karin Wolf-Ostermann and Rouwette, {Etienne A. J. A.} and Ikram, {M. Arfan} and Henry Brodaty and Yun-Hee Jeon and Jane Maddock and Anna Marseglia and Melis, {Rene J. F.} and Suraj Samtani and Hui-Xin Wang and Anna-Karin Welmer and Myrra Vernooij-Dassen and Joanna Rymaszewska",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the JPND project, social health and reserve in the dementia patient journey (SHARED). The project is supported through funding organizations under the aegis of JPND: the Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw/JPND, grant no.: 733051082); Sweden, The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (FORTE grant no.: 2018-01888 to AK Welmer); Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, grant no.: APP1169489); the United Kingdom, Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s Society UK (grant no.: Ref:469); Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant no.: 01ED1905); Poland, National Center for Research and Development in Poland (NCBiR, project number JPND/06/2020). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.3390/brainsci12091214",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "Brain Sciences",

issn = "2076-3425",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

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Lenart-Bugla, M, Luc, M, Pawlowski, M, Szczesniak, D, Seifert, I, Wiegelmann, H, Gerhardus, A, Wolf-Ostermann, K, Rouwette, EAJA, Ikram, MA, Brodaty, H, Jeon, Y-H, Maddock, J, Marseglia, A, Melis, RJF, Samtani, S, Wang, H-X, Welmer, A-K, Vernooij-Dassen, M & Rymaszewska, J 2022, 'What Do We Know about Social and Non-Social Factors Influencing the Pathway from Cognitive Health to Dementia? A Systematic Review of Reviews', Brain Sciences, vol. 12, no. 9, 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091214

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AU - Lenart-Bugla, Marta

AU - Luc, Mateusz

AU - Pawlowski, Marcin

AU - Szczesniak, Dorota

AU - Seifert, Imke

AU - Wiegelmann, Henrik

AU - Gerhardus, Ansgar

AU - Wolf-Ostermann, Karin

AU - Rouwette, Etienne A. J. A.

AU - Ikram, M. Arfan

AU - Brodaty, Henry

AU - Jeon, Yun-Hee

AU - Maddock, Jane

AU - Marseglia, Anna

AU - Melis, Rene J. F.

AU - Samtani, Suraj

AU - Wang, Hui-Xin

AU - Welmer, Anna-Karin

AU - Vernooij-Dassen, Myrra

AU - Rymaszewska, Joanna

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by the JPND project, social health and reserve in the dementia patient journey (SHARED). The project is supported through funding organizations under the aegis of JPND: the Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw/JPND, grant no.: 733051082); Sweden, The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (FORTE grant no.: 2018-01888 to AK Welmer); Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, grant no.: APP1169489); the United Kingdom, Alzheimer’s Society UK (grant no.: Ref:469); Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant no.: 01ED1905); Poland, National Center for Research and Development in Poland (NCBiR, project number JPND/06/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.

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N2 - The heterogeneous and multi-factorial nature of dementia requires the consideration of all health aspects when predicting the risk of its development and planning strategies for its prevention. This systematic review of reviews provides a comprehensive synthesis of those factors associated with cognition in the context of dementia, identifying the role of social aspects and evidencing knowledge gaps in this area of research. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2009-2021 were searched for within Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos. Reviewers independently screened, reviewed, and assessed the records, following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. From 314 included studies, 624 cognitive-related factors were identified, most of them risk factors (61.2%), mainly belonging to the group of 'somatic comorbidities' (cardiovascular disease and diabetes) and 'genetic predispositions'. The protective factors (20%) were mainly related to lifestyle, pointing to the Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, and cognitively stimulating activities. Social factors constituted 9.6% of all identified factors. Research on biological and medical factors dominates the reviewed literature. Greater social support and frequent contact may confer some protection against cognitive decline and dementia by delaying its onset or reducing the overall risk; however, overall, our findings are inconsistent. Further research is needed in the fields of lifestyle, psychology, social health, and the protective factors against cognitive decline and dementia.

AB - The heterogeneous and multi-factorial nature of dementia requires the consideration of all health aspects when predicting the risk of its development and planning strategies for its prevention. This systematic review of reviews provides a comprehensive synthesis of those factors associated with cognition in the context of dementia, identifying the role of social aspects and evidencing knowledge gaps in this area of research. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses from 2009-2021 were searched for within Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos. Reviewers independently screened, reviewed, and assessed the records, following the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. From 314 included studies, 624 cognitive-related factors were identified, most of them risk factors (61.2%), mainly belonging to the group of 'somatic comorbidities' (cardiovascular disease and diabetes) and 'genetic predispositions'. The protective factors (20%) were mainly related to lifestyle, pointing to the Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, and cognitively stimulating activities. Social factors constituted 9.6% of all identified factors. Research on biological and medical factors dominates the reviewed literature. Greater social support and frequent contact may confer some protection against cognitive decline and dementia by delaying its onset or reducing the overall risk; however, overall, our findings are inconsistent. Further research is needed in the fields of lifestyle, psychology, social health, and the protective factors against cognitive decline and dementia.

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U2 - 10.3390/brainsci12091214

DO - 10.3390/brainsci12091214

M3 - Review article

VL - 12

JO - Brain Sciences

JF - Brain Sciences

SN - 2076-3425

IS - 9

M1 - 1214

ER -

What Do We Know about Social and Non-Social Factors Influencing the Pathway from Cognitive Health to Dementia? A Systematic Review of Reviews

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

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